The notion that the brain and the body are not separate or severable systems. Cognition is viewed as an inherently biological process. Theories of embodiment run counter to notions of mind/body separation as described by René Descartes.
Embodiment is one argument against the possibility of Strong AI — artificial intelligence that is equal to human intelligence. That, lacking a body, disembodied computers cannot know in the same way as a human being.
Maturana & Varela, The Tree of Knowledge: The biological roots of human understanding